COL 15012

HOW AESTHETICS WAS MADE A SCIENCE

READINGS IN CZECH AND RUSSIAN LITERARY THEORY

Instructor: Veronika Ambros

e-mail: veronika.ambros@utoronto.ca Phone: 416 – 926 1300, ext. 3200

Thuersday 2-4 3-5 Seminar Room Comparative Literatures

Office Hours: Monday 1-2 Alumni Hall R. 405, Thursday 2-3 Comparative Literatures

 

 

 

  Office Hours: Tuesday 1-2

Contemporary literary science, semiotics, cinema studies, performance theory, linguistics and other disciplines owe much to the ideas of OPOJAZ, the Moscow and Prague Linguistic Circles, (i.e. Russian Formalists and Prague School Structuralists). The theories of these schools offerinquired about the ways the tools to understand ‘how works of art are made’ and provide information about and about the role the historical and cultural context in which they emerged played.

Tracing the imprint of these theories on current scholarship, This course will introduce general aesthetic concepts of both schools such as standard and poetic language, aesthetic and other functions of language, defamiliarization (foregrounding, the Brechtian /V-effekt)/, literary evolution and /concretisation / as well as /, carnivalization/, polyphony, dialogue and monologue and many others. ItWe will explorestudy the theoretical treatment of poetry, prose, dramadrama, and cinema as presented by the most important scholars such as: Mikhail Bakhtin, Petr Bogatyrev, Osip Brik, Karel Brušák, Boris Eikhenbaum, Jindřich Honzl, Roman Jakobson, Jan Mukařovský, Viktor Shklovsky,Yuri Tynianov, Jiří VeltruskýBoris Eikhenbaum, Osip Brik, Viktor Shklovsky, Petr Bogatyrev, and Felix VodičkaMikhail Bakhtin, Jan Mukařovský, Jindřich Honzl, Jiří Veltruský and Karel Brušák. Considering the imprint of these theories on current scholarship,

Where appropriate, the theoretical writings will be discussed together with some text analysis of primary texts will assist in the examination of theoretical writings. Their y scope ranges frominclude Russian avant-garde poetry (Xlebnikov, Mayakovsky) to fairy-tales, plays (Karel Čapek, Ibsen, Ostrovski), novels ( Shklovsky, Sterne, Dostoevsky), and short stories (Doyle, Gogol, O’Henry).

 

 

COURSE REQUIREMENTS AND METHOD OF EVALUATION:

Class participation (10%), each term two oral class presentations (20% each) and one essay (3000 words), on a topic consulted with the instructor (50%). The style of the essay has to follow the general rules set out by the MLA Style guide.

Readings will be both in English and in the original for the specialists.

The attached reading list contains works mostly available in English. Texts marked by * are considered essential for the class.

COL 5012

HOW AESTHETICS WAS MADE A SCIENCE

READINGS IN CZECH AND RUSSIAN LITERARY THEORY

Instructor: Veronika Ambros

Tuesday 2-4 Seminar Room CoRRParative Comparative Literatures

Office Hours: Tuesday 1-2

Contemporary literary science, semiotics, cinema studies, performance theory, linguistics and other disciplines owe much to the ideas of OPOJAZ, the Moscow and Prague Linguistic Circles, (i.e. Russian Formalists and Prague School Structuralists). The theories of these schools offer tools to understand ‘how works of art are made’ and provide information about the historical and cultural context in which they emerged.

Tracing the imprint of these theories on current scholarship, this course will introduce general aesthetic concepts of both schools such as standard and poetic language, aesthetic and other functions of language, defamiliarization (foregrounding, the Brechtian /V-effekt)/, literary evolution and /concretisation/ as well as /carnivalization/, polyphony, dialogue and monologue and many others. It will explore the theoretical treatment of poetry, prose, drama and cinema as presented by the most iRRPortant important scholars such as Roman Jakobson, Yuri Tynianov, Boris Eikhenbaum, Osip Brik, Viktor Shklovsky, Petr Bogatyrev, Mikhail Bakhtin, Jan Mukařovský, Jindřich Honzl, Jiří Veltruský and Karel Brušák.

Where appropriate, text analysis of primary texts will assist in the examination of theoretical writings. Their scope ranges from Russian avant-garde poetry (Xlebnikov, Mayakovsky) to fairy-tales, plays (Karel Čapek, Ibsen, Ostrovski), novels ( Shklovsky, Sterne, Dostoevsky),and short stories (Doyle, Gogol, O’Henry).

COURSE REQUIREMENTS AND METHOD OF EVALUATION:

Class participation (10%), each term two oral class presentations (20% each) and one essay (3000 words), on a topic consulted with the instructor (50%). The style of the essay has to follow the general rules set out by the MLA Style guide.

Readings will be both in English and in the original

The attached reading list contains works mostly available in English. Texts marked by * are considered essential for the class.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SUGGESTED TOPICS
  1. Introduction
  2. Formalism Boris Eixenbaum "The Theory of the Formal Method," 1927 (RRP,: 3-37); Tzvetan Todorov." Some Approaches to Russian Formalism" in Bann, Russian Formalism: 6-19. Leon Trotsky, "The Formalist School"
  3. Prague School Jan Mukařovský,”Structuralism in Esthetics and in Literary Studies “ PS, 65-82. Wellek, René The literary theory and aesthetics of the Prague school, 1969.
  4. Literariness Jakobson "Modern Russian Poetry: Velemir Khlebnikov ["Novejšaja russkaja poezija" Excerpts] in Major Soviet Writers. 58-82; "Linguistics and Poetics" SW, III, 18-51
  5. Ostranenie, Verfremdung Šklovskij "The Resurrection of the Word" (Bann), "Art as Device"; Bertolt Brecht "Verfremdung"; Tolstoy "Strider"
  6. Aktualizace PLK "Theses" Mukařovský "On Poetic Language"; "Standard Language and Poetic Language"Garvin
  7. History Jakobson "On Realism in Art" (RRP, 38-46), Tynjanov "On Literary Evolution" (RRP, 66-78); Jakobson, Tynjanov "Problems in the Study of Literature and Language" (RRP: 79-81); Ejxenbaum, Boris.“ Literary Environment”, (RRP, 56-65); Mukařovský, “Art as semiotic fact”
  8. Biography R. Jakobson "On a Generation that Squandered its Poets" in Language and Literature, 273-300. "The Statue in Puškin’s Poetic Mythology" ibid, 318-365. Mukařovský "Poet" (wv, 143- 160); Tomaševskij "Literature and Biography" (RRP, 47-55);
  9. Reception F.Vodička "The Concretization of the Literary Work" (ps)103-134; “Response to Verbal Art” Semiotics of Art 1976, 197-208;
  10. Poetics Brik "Contributions to the Study of Verse Language" (RRP); 1970. Tynjanov "The Problem of Verse Language"; ("Rhythm as the Constructive Factor of Verse"; "The Meaning of the Word in Verse" (RRP) Jakobson "What is Poetry?" SW III, 740-756 ; Mukařovský "Poetic reference"
  11. Aesthetic categories Mukařovský "Aesthetic Function, Norm and Value"; The Prague School. Selected Writings 1929-1946. Austin, 1982: 2-98.
  12. Prose Fabula and Syuzhet Šklovskij "The connection between devices of Syuzhet construction and general stylistic devices" (1919), Bann, Russian Formalism, 48-72; "Sherlock Holmes and the Mystery Story" ibid, 101-116.
  13. Skaz Eixenbaum "How Gogol’s "Overcoat" is Made" Maguire, Robert, ed. Gogol from the Twentieth Century. Princeton University Press, 1974: 267-292. Bakhtin, "Rabelais and Gogol" Baran, 284-296, Gogol’s "Overcoat "

    14.  

  14. Parody Tynjanov on Parody "Dostoevsky and Gogol"; Šklovskij "Parody of a Novel:Tristram Shandy" L.Sterne, Tristram Shandy
  15. Polyphony Bakhtin "Discourse in Dostoevsky" 181-268. V.N. Vološinov "Reported Speech" (RRP), Dostoevsky The Manor Stepanchikovo or Notes from the Underground
  16. Chronotope Bakhtin "Forms of Time and Chronotope in the Novel" (AA) 85n;146-206; Zoo Or Letters Not About Love.
  17. Folklore Jakobson, Bogatyrev "Folklore as a Special Form of Creativity" The Prague School, 32-46." On the Boundary between Studies of Folklore and Literature", RRP, 91-93 Honzl "Ritual and Theater." Ibid, 135-173. Bakhtin "Carnival Ambivalence" In: Bakhtin Reader, 195-244
  18. Fairy Tale Propp Morphology of Fairy Tale; "Fairy Tale Transformations" (RRP, 94-113), Levi-Strauss "Structure and Form: Reflection on a Work by V. Propp; Theory and History of Folklore. 1984: 167-189
  19. Folk Theatre Bogatyrev "Costume as Sign";" Folk Song from the Functional Point of View", "Semiotics in the Folk Theatre"13-56 "A Contribution to the Study of Theatrical Signs" The Prague School Selected, 54-64"; BB Three Penny Opera
  20. Theater Mukařovský "On the Current State of the Theory of Theater" in Ps 1982: 201-219. Honzl, Jindřich. "Dynamics of Sign in the Theater.” Matejka Semiotics of Art. 75-94. "Man and Object in the Theater," In Garvin, 83-91, Brušák "Signs in the Chinese Theater" Semiotics, 1976:59-73, Gogol Inspector General
  21. Drama Veltruský "Dramatic Text as a Component of Theater" Semiotics of Art. 94-117; Jindřich Honzl, "The Hierarchy of Dramatic Devices." Ibid, 118-27, Brušák; "Imaginary Action Space in Drama", 144-162; Ibsen Nora
  22. Dialogue Mukařovský "Two Studies on Dialogue" (WV, 81-105); “K. Čapek’s Prose as Lyrical Melody and As Dialogue." Garvin (ed.). A Prague School Reader, 1964: 133-49. K. Čapek RUR.
  23. Aesthetics of Film Mukařovský “An Attempt at a Structural Analysis of a Dramatic Figure]” in The Prague School. Selected Writings 1929-1946. 1982: 171-177 (LtN, 1931)."A Note on the Aesthetics of Film" In: The Prague School. 1982: 178-190 (1933); Between Literature and Visual Arts, ibid, 205-235; Chaplin City Lights
  24. Literature and Cinema; B. Eikhenbaum "Literature and Cinema" (1926), 122-127. Bann, Russian Formalism. Shklovsky. "Poetry and Prose in Cinematography" (1927), Ibid, 128-130. Jakobson "Is the Cinema in Decline? "144-152. Eisenstein Strike
  25. Semiotics of Culture Lotman, Iu. M. "Theatre and Theatricality in the Order of Early Nineteenth Century Culture." Semiotics and Structuralism. 1976. 33-63. "Problems in the Typology of Culture" in D. P. Lucid (ed.). 1977,213-221. "Text within the Text"
  26. Review

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SUGGESTED TOPICS

 
  1. Introduction

    2. Formalism Eixenbaum "The Theory of the Formal Method," 1927 (RRP,: 3-37); Todorov, Tzvetan." Some Approaches to Russian Formalism" in Bann, Russian Formalism: 6-19. Ann Jefferson" Literariness, Dominance and Violence in Formalists Aesthetics" in: Literary Theory Today, 1990, 125-141.

  2. Prague School Jan Mukařovský,"Structuralism in Esthetics and in Literary Studies " PS, 65-82. J.Striedter „From Formalism to Structuralism" in Literary Structure, Evolution and Value. Russian Formalism and Czech Structuralism Reconsidered. 1989, 83-119.Production Jakobson "On Realism in Art" (RRP, 38-46), Tynjanov "On Literary Evolution" (RRP, 66-78); Jakobson, Tynjanov "Problems in the Study of Literature and Language" (RRP: 79-81); Ejxenbaum, Boris." Literary Environment", (RRP, 56-65); Mukařovský, "Intentionality and Unintentionality in Art" Ą

    3. Reception F.Vodička "The Concretization of the Literary Work" (ps)103-134; “Response to Verbal Art” Semiotics of Art 1976, 197-208; Mukařovský ”Art as Semiotic Fact” Semiotics of Art,3-9, Striedter, J. "Felix Vodička’s Theory of Reception and Structuralist Literary History"103-134.

  3. Biography R. Jakobson "On a Generation that Squandered its Poets" in Language and Literature, 273-300. "The Statue in Puškin’s Poetic Mythology” ibid, 318-365. Mukařovský "Poet" (wv, 143- 160); Tomaševskij "Literature and Biography" (RRP, 47-55); Jakobson "What is Poetry?" SW III, 740-756
  4. Reception F.Vodička "The Concretization of the Literary Work" (ps)103-134; “Response to Verbal Art” Semiotics of Art 1976, 197-208; Mukařovský ”Art as Semiotic Fact” Semiotics of Art,3-9, Striedter, J. "Felix Vodička’s Theory of Reception and Structuralist Literary History"103-134.

    5. Ostranenie, Verfremdung Šklovskij "The Resurrection of the Word" (Bann), "Art as Device"; Bertolt Brecht "Verfremdung"; Tolstoy "Strider"

    Aktualizace Havránek, B. "The Functional Differentiation of the Standard Language" A Prague School Reader on Esthetics, Literary Structure, and Style. 1964, 77-120. PLK "Theses"

    Aesthetic Function, Norm and Value Mukařovský "Aesthetic Function, Norm and Value"; The Prague School. Selected Writings 1929-1946. Austin, 1982: 2-98. . muky poetic lang

    Literariness Jakobson "Modern Russian Poetry: Velemir Khlebnikov ["Novejšaja russkaja poezija" Excerpts] in Major Soviet Writers. 58-82; "Linguistics and Poetics" SW, III, 18-51

  5. Poetics Brik "Contributions to the Study of Verse Language" (RRP); 1970. Tynjanov "The Problem of Verse Language"; ("Rhythm as the Constructive Factor of Verse"; "The Meaning of the Word in Verse" (RRP)
  6. Skaz Eixenbaum "How Gogol’s "Overcoat" is Made" Maguire, Robert, ed. Gogol from the Twentieth Century. Princeton University Press, 1974: 267-292. Bakhtin, "Rabelais and Gogol" Baran, 284-296, Gogol’s "Overcoat "
  7. Parody Tynjanov on Parody "Dostoevsky and Gogol"; Šklovskij "Parody of a Novel:Tristram Shandy" L.Sterne, Tristram Shandy
  8. Polyphony Bakhtin "Discourse in Dostoevsky" 181-268. V.N. Vološinov "Reported Speech" (RRP) Dostoevsky The Manor Stepanchikovo or Notes from the Underground
  9. Chronotope Bakhtin "Forms of Time and Chronotope in the Novel" (AA) 146-206,
  10. Folklore Jakobson, Bogatyrev "Folklore as a Special Form of Creativity" The Prague School, 32-46."On the Boundary between Studies of Folklore and Literature", RRP, 91-93 ĄHonzl "Ritual and Theater." Ibid, 135-173.
  11. Fairy Tale Propp Morphology of Fairy Tale; "Fairy Tale Transformations" (RRP, 94-113), Levi-Strauss "Structure and Form: Reflection on a Work by V. Propp; Theory and History of Folklore.1984: 167-189
  12. Folk Theatre Bogatyrev "Costume as Sign";" Folk Song from the Functional Point of View", "Semiotics in the Folk Theatre"13-56 "A Contribution to the Study of Theatrical Signs" The Prague School Selected, 54-64"; Honzl "Ritual and Theater" BB Three Penny Opera
  13. Theater Mukařovský "On the Current State of the Theory of Theater" in Ps 1982: 201-219. Honzl, Jindřich. "Dynamics of Sign in the Theater." Semiotics of Art. 75-94."The Hierarchy of Dramatic Devices." Ibid, 118-27. Brušák; "Imaginary Action Space in Drama", 144-162; "Signs in the Chinese Theater" (Matejka, Semiotics, 1976:59-73), Gogol Inspector General
  14. Dialogue Mukařovský "Two Studies on Dialogue" (WV, 81-105); “K. Čapek’s Prose as Lyrical Melody and As Dialogue." Garvin (ed.). A Prague School Reader, 1964: 133-49. K. Čapek RUR.

Objects "Man and Object in the Theater," Garvin, 83-91, Veltruský "Dramatic Text as a Component of Theater" Semiotics of Art. 94-117; Pladott "Semiotics of the Theatre: The Prague School Heritage" in Tobin, 1988, 288-303, Ibsen Nora

Soviet Semiotics Lotman, Iu. M. "Theatre and Theatricality in the Order of Early Nineteenth Century Culture." Semiotics and Structuralism. 1976. 33-63. "Problems in the Typology of Culture" in D. P. Lucid (ed.). 1977,213-221.

Aesthetics of Film Mukařovský “An Attempt at a Structural Analysis of a Dramatic Figure]" in The Prague School. Selected Writings 1929-1946. 1982: 171-177 (LtN, 1931)."A Note on the Aesthetics of Film" Steiner, Peter, ed. The Prague School. Selected Writings 1929-1946. Austin, 1982: 178-190 (1933); Chaplin Circus

Literature and Cinema; B. Eikhenbaum "Literature and Cinema" (1926), 122-127. Bann, Russian Formalism. Shklovsky. "Poetry and Prose in Cinematography" (1927), Ibid, 128-130. Jakobson "Is the Cinema in Decline? "144-152. Eisenstein Strike

Review Bunuel Un Chien Andalou (1929)

PRELIMINARY PROGRAM

Introduction

Formalism Eixenbaum "The Theory of the Formal Method," 1927 (RRP,: 3-37); Medvedev " The Formal (morphological) Method or Scholarly Salieri-ism" (Bakhtin School Papers) 51-65; Todorov, Tzvetan." Some Approaches to Russian Formalism" in Bann, Russian Formalism: 6-19.

Prague School Doležel, Lubomír. “Pražská škola a poststrukturalismus.” Česká Literatura 5 (1995): 451-72. "Structuralism of the Prague School." Ed. Raman Selden. The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism. From Formalism to Poststructuralism. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1995. 33-57. J.Striedter

Production Jakobson "On Realism in Art" (RRP, 38-46), Tynjanov "On Literary Evolution" (RRP, 66-78); Jakobson, Tynjanov "Problems in the Study of Literature and Language" (RRP: 79-81); Ejxenbaum, Boris." Literary Enviroment", (RRP, 56-65); Mukařovský, Intentionality

Reception Vodička "The Concretization of the Literary Work" (ps); “Response to Verbal Art” Semiotics of Art 1976; Mukařovský ”Art as Semiotic Fact” Semiotics

Biography "The Statue in Puškin’s Poetic Mythology” ibid, 318-365. Mukařovský "Poet" (wv, 143- 160); Tomaševskij "Literature and Biography" (RRP, 47-55); Jakobson "What is Poetry?" SW III, 740-756 "On a Generation that Squandered its Poets" in Language and Literature, 273-300.

Ostranenie, Verfremdung Šklovskij "The Resurrection of the Word" (Bann), "Art as Device"; Bertolt Brecht Verfremdung; Tolstoy "Strider"

Aktualizace Havranek, B. "The Functional Differentiation of the Standard Language" A Prague School Reader on Esthetics, Literary Structure, and Style., 1964, 77-120. PLK "Theses";

Aesthetic Function, Norm and Value Mukařovský "Aesthetic Function, Norm and Value"; The Prague School. Selected Writings 1929-1946. Austin, 1982: 2-98.

Literariness Jakobson "Modern Russian Poetry: Velemir Khlebnikov ["Novejšaja russkaja poezija" Excerpts] in Major Soviet Writers.,.58-82; "Linguistics and Poetics" SW, III, 18-51.

Poetics Brik "Contributions to the Study of Verse Language" (RRP); 1970. Tynjanov "The Problem of Verse Language"; ("Rhythm as the Constructive Factor of Verse"; "The Meaning of the Word in Verse" (RRP)

Fabula and Syuzhet Šklovskij "The connection between devices of Syuzhet construction and general stylistic devices (1919), Bann, Russian Formalism, 48-72; "Sherlock Holmes and the Mystery Story" ibid, 101-116. Zoo Or Letters Not About Love

Skaz Eixenbaum "How Gogol’s "Overcoat" is Made" Maguire, Robert, ed. Gogol from the Twentieth Century. Princeton University Press, 1974: 267-292. Bakhtin, "Rabelais and Gogol" Baran, 284-296, Gogol’s "Overcoat

Parody Tynjanov on Parody "Dostoevsky and Gogol"; Dostoevsky "The Manor Stepanchikovo"

Polyphony Bakhtin "Discourse in Dostoevsky" 181-268. V.N. Vološinov "Reported Speech" (RRP) Dostoevsky Notes from the Underground

Chronotope Bakhtin "Forms of Time and Chronotope in the Novel" (AA) 146-206,

Folklore Jakobson, Bogatyrev "Folklore as a Special Form of Creativity" The Prague School, 32-46."On the Boundary between Studies of Folklore and Literature", RRP, 91-93 Honzl "Ritual and Theater." Ibid, 135-173.

Fairy Tale Propp Morphology of Fairy Tale ; "Fairy Tale Transformations" (RRP,, 94-113), Levi-Strauss "Structure and Form: Reflection on a Work by V. Propp; Theory and History of Folklore. Trans. Ariadna Martin and Richard P. Martin. Ed. Anatoly Liberman. Theory and History of Literature 5. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, Folk Theatre Bogatyrev "Costume as Sign";" Folk Song from the Functional Point of View", "Semiotics in the Folk Theatre"13-56 "A Contribution to the Study of Theatrical Signs" The Prague School Selected, 54-64"; Honzl Ritual

Theater Mukařovský "On the Current State of the Theory of Theater" Steiner, Peter, ed. The Prague School. Selected Writings 1929-1946, 1982: 201-219. Honzl, Jindřich. "Dynamics of Sign in the Theater." Semiotics of Art. 75-94."The Hierarchy of Dramatic Devices." Ibid, 118-27. Ostrovskij The Forest Brušák; "Imaginary Action Space in Drama", 144-162; "Signs in the Chinese Theater" (Matejka, Semiotics, 1976:59-73),

Dialogue Mukařovský "Two Studies on Dialogue" (WV, 81-105); “K. Čapek’s Prose as Lyrical Melody and As Dialogue." Garvin. A Prague School Reader, 1964: 133-49. K. Čapek RUR.

Objects "Man and Object in the Theater," Garvin, 83-91, Veltruský "Dramatic Text as a Component of Theater" Semiotics of Art. 94-117; Ibsen Nora

Theatricality Lotman, Iu. M. "Theatre and Theatricality in the Order of Early Nineteenth Century Culture." Semiotics and Structuralism. 1976. 33-63.

Aesthetics of Film Mukařovský “An Attempt at a Structural Analysis of a Dramatic Figure]" in The Prague School. Selected Writings 1929-1946. 1982: 171-177 (LtN, 1931)."A Note on the Aesthetics of Film" Steiner, Peter, ed. The Prague School. Selected Writings 1929-1946. Austin, 1982: 178-190 (1933);

Literature and Cinema; Montage B. Eikhenbaum "Literature and Cinema" (1926), 122-127. Bann, Russian Formalism. Shklovsky. "Poetry and Prose in Cinematography" (1927), Ibid, 128-130. Jakobson "Is the Cinema in Decline? "144-152.

Review

 

 

 

 

 

SUGGESELECTED READINGS:

Bakhtin, M. M. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Ed. Michael Holquist. Trans. Michael Holquist and Caryl Emerson. University of Texas Press Slavic Series 1. Austin: U of Texas P, 1981.

---. Art and Answerability. Early Philosophical Essays. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1990. (AA)

---. "Discourse Typology in Prose" in Matejka, Ladislav and Pomorska, Krystyna, (eds.) Readings in Russian Poetics. Formalist and Structuralist Views. Ann Arbor: MIT P, 1978: 176-196.

---. Problemy poetiki. Moskva, 1972.

-*--. Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press , 1984.

---. Raboty 1920-x godov. Kiev: Next, 1994.

*---. Rabelais and His World. Trans. H. Iswolsky, Bloomington, Ind. : Indiana University Press, 1984

---, P.N. Medvedev and V.N. Voloshinov. Marxism and the Philosophy of Language.Matejka, L and I. Titunik (trans.) New York and London, 1973.

Bann, Stephen and John E. Bowlt, eds. Russian Formalism. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1973. PG3026F6B3

Bogatyrev, P. "Znaky Divadelní." Slovo a Slovesnost 4 (1938): 138-49.

---. "Folklore as a Special Form of Creativity" The Prague School. Selected Writings, 1929-1946. Ed. Steiner. P. University of Texas Press: Austin. 1982.

---. "A Contribution to the Study of Theatrical Signs" The Prague School. Selected Writings, 1929-1946. Ed. Steiner. P. University of Texas Press: Austin. 1982

---. "Costume as Sign";" Folk Song from the Functional Point of View", "Semiotics in the Folk Theatre"." In Semiotics of Art. Titunik, Irwin R.and Matejka Ladislav eds. Cambridge: MIT P, 1976,13-56.

Brecht, B. Brecht on Theatre. John Willett (Ed. and Transl.) New York: Hill and Wang, 1964.

Bradford, Richard. Roman Jakobson. Life, Language, Art. London: Rutledge, 1994.

Brušák, Karel. "Imaginary Action Space in Drama." Herta and Hedwig Král Schmid. Drama und Theater. Theorie - Methode-Geschichte. München: Otto Sagner, 1991. 144-62.

---. "Signs in the Chinese Theater" ( In L. Matejka, Semiotics, 1976:59-73),

Burbank, John, Peter Steiner, ed. Structure, Sign and Function: Selected Essays by Jan Mukařovský. New Haven: Yale UP, 1977.

Culler, Jonathan. Structuralist Poetics. Structuralism, Linguistics and the Study of Literature. London: Routledge, 1975. PN98S7C8 1975

Danow, David K. "Dialogic Perspectives in the East European View (Bakhtin, Mukarovsky, Lotman)" Russian Literature XX-III Vol. 20 (1986): 119-42.

Deák, František. "Structuralism in Theatre: The Prague School Contribution." The Drama Review 20.4 (1976): 83-94.

Doležel, Lubomír. “Pražská škola a poststrukturalismus.” Česká Literatura 5 (1995): 451-72.

---. "A Scheme of Narrative Time." Semiotics of Art. Titunik, Irwin R.and Matejka Ladislav eds. Cambridge: MIT P, 1976. 209-17.

---. "Structuralism of the Prague School." Ed. Raman Selden. The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism. From Formalism to Poststructuralism. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1995. 33-57.

--- and Kraus, Jiří. "Prague School Stylistics." Linguistic Research (1972): 37-48. Current Trends in Stylistics. ed> Braj B. Kachru and Herbert F. W.Stahlke. Edmonton.

---. "Roman Jakobson as a Student of Communication" in Semeka-Pankratov, Elena <ed.>. Studies in Poetics. Commemorative Volume Krystyna Pomorska 1928-1986. Columbus, Ohio: Slavica Publisher, 1995: 27-38.

*---. Occidental Poetics. Tradition and Progress. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1990. PN1042D651990

"Narrative Composition – A Link between German and Russian Poetics." Russian Formalism. Stephen Bann and John E. Bowlt (eds.) Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1973, 73-84.

"Prague School Structuralism." In The Michael Groden and Martin Kreiswirth (eds.) Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994, 592-595.

"Poststructuralism: A View from Charles Bridge." Poetics Today 21: 4 (Winter 2000), 633-652.

Duff, David 1962- "Maximal Tensions and Minimal Conditions: Tynianov as Genre Theorist"
New Literary History - Volume 34, Number 3, Summer 2003, The Johns Hopkins University Press,. 553-563

Eagle, Herbert. Russian Formalist Film Theory, Ann Arbor, Michigan Slavic Publications, 34, 1981

Effenberger, V. "Roman Jakobson and the Czech avant-garde between two wars', American Journal of Semiotics, 2, 1983, 3: 13-21.

Ehlers, Klaas-Hinrich Strukturalismus in der deutschen Sprachwissenschaft Die Rezeption der Prager Schule zwischen 1926 und 1945. Studia Linguistica Germanica 77 Berlin, De Gruyter, 2005

Ejxenbaum, Boris. Melodika ruskogo liričeskogo stixa. Petrograd, 1922 .

---. " How Gogol’s ‘Overcoat’ Is Made." In Robert Maguire, ed. Gogol from the Twentieth Century. Princeton University Press, 1974: 267-292.

---. "Kak sdelana 'Shinel' Gogolia' in Skvoz' Literaturu. Sbornik Statej. "S-Gravenhage: Mouton &Co, 1962: 171-195. <1918>

---. "Illiuzia skaza" in Skvoz' Literaturu. Sbornik Statej. "S-Gravenhage: Mouton &Co, 1962: 152-156. <1918>

Elam, Keir. The Semiotics of Theatre and Drama. London and New York: Methuen, 1980.

Emerson, Caryl. The First Hundred Years of Mikhail Bakhtin. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton UP, #.

*Erlich, Victor. Russian Formalism. History - Doctrine. ‘s-Gravenhage: Mouton & Co, 1955.

*Galan, František. Historic Structures: The Prague School Project, 1928-1946. Austin: U of Texas, 1984.

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