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4.ANALYZING MUSEUM OPERATIONS: COMMUNICATIONS IN THE
MUSEUM:THE MUSEUM/PUBLIC INTERFACE: EXTERNAL
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4.0
The Clientele Context
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4.1
Contemporary Concerns & Museum Programmes
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4.2
In Search of Theory for Museum Programmes and the Museum Visitor
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4.3
Exploring the Public Programmes of Museums
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4.4
In Search of Theory for Museum Programmes: Interpretation
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4.5
Exhibitions
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4.6
Special Educational Events
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4.7
Visitor Research and Programme Evaluation
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4.8
Museums and New Media
4.ANALYZING MUSEUM OPERATIONS: COMMUNICATIONS IN THE MUSEUM:THE MUSEUM/PUBLIC INTERFACE: EXTERNAL
Collaboration
and the Collector: A Qualitative Approach
By Carol E. Mayer, The Canadian Museums
Association Web site, January 2000
Reflections on
how museums can better incorporate the ideas of the collector into its
exhibitions, and a discussion about the psyche of the collector and the
academic importance of studying the collecting phenomenon. First appeared
in Muse in November 1995.
Finding
Evidence for Visitor Learning
By Lynda Kelly, Museums Australia On-Line
Web site, 1997
Outlining measurable
outcomes for evaluating the learning experience in museums.
Museums
and Organizational Learning: The Role of Visitor Studies
By Lynda Kelly and Tim Sullivan, Museums
Australia Web site, 1999
An analysis of
a strategic plan implemented in Australia that incorporated theory and
practical applications of organizational learning theory and combined the
results with visitor research studies. Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Developing
Access to collections through evaluating visitor needs
By Lynda Kelly, Museums Australia Web
site, 1999
In
making the museum and its collections more accessible museums tend to forget
the one interest group most important to process - the visitor. Requires
Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Separate
or Inseparable? Marketing and Visitor Studies
By Lynda Kelly, Museums Australia Web
site, 1998
A discussion about
the merging interests of museum marketing and visitor studies. Requires
Adobe Acrobat Reader.
The
Family Experience of Museums
By Anne Baillie, Museums Australia
Web site, 1996
How to further
develop the museum experience for family visitors. Requires Adobe Acrobat
Reader.
Narratives,
Evaluation and Power
By Judith Gleeson, Museums Australia
Web site, 1996
The author suggests
that there is more to visitor studies than evaluating how much a visitor
learns. Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Front
End Evaluation - Beyond the Field of Dreams
By Lynda Kelly, Museums Australia Web
site, 1996
The history, theory,
application and future of front-end evaluation. Requires Adobe Acrobat
Reader.
Easy
to Use Instruments for Formative Evaluation
By Terry McClafferty, Leonie Rennie,
Ilze Groves, Museums Australia Web site, 1996
A paper that describes
the development and use of an evaluation handbook prototype for hands-on
science and technology exhibits. Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader.
A
Different Perspective on Visitor Learning
By Leonie Rennie, David Johnston, Museums
Australia Web site, 1996
An approach to
visitor research that uses the knowledge of museum "floor staff". Requires
Adobe Acrobat Reader.
The
Power of the Audience
By Gillian Savage, Museums Australia
Web site, 1996
Strategies and
approaches for better understanding the museum visitor. Requires Adobe
Acrobat Reader.
Front-end
Evaluation Workshop
By Lynda Kelly, Museums Australia Web
site, 1998.
From 1998 Visitor
Centre Stage: action for the future Conference on Evaluation and Visitor
Research, Special Interest Group, Australia. Requires Adobe Acrobat
Reader.
Front-end
Evaluation Workshop
By Gillian Savage, Museums Australia
Web site, 1998.
From 1998 Visitor
Centre Stage: action for the future Conference on Evaluation and Visitor
Research, Special Interest Group, Australia. Requires Adobe Acrobat
Reader.
The
Long and Winding Road: evaluation and visitor reasearch in
museums in Autstralia and New Zealand
By Carol Scott, Museums Australia Web
site, 1998.
From 1998 Visitor
Centre Stage: action for the future Conference on Evaluation and Visitor
Research, Special Interest Group, Australia. Requires Adobe Acrobat
Reader.
Not
Drowning, waving: Developing long-term systems for monitoring trends
By Lynda Kelly, Museums Australia Web
site, 1998.
From 1998 Visitor
Centre Stage: action for the future Conference on Evaluation and Visitor
Research, Special Interest Group, Australia. Requires Adobe Acrobat
Reader.
New
fields: applying visitor research and evaluation to outdoor interpretation
By Lynne McLoughlin, Museums Australia
Web site, 1998.
From 1998 Visitor
Centre Stage: action for the future Conference on Evaluation and Visitor
Research, Special Interest Group, Australia. Requires Adobe Acrobat
Reader.
Evaluation
of the Asian Gallery
By Henry Gaughan, Museums Australia
Web site, 1998.
From 1998 Visitor
Centre Stage: action for the future Conference on Evaluation and Visitor
Research, Special Interest Group, Australia. Requires Adobe Acrobat
Reader.
Strategic
Positioning of Visitor Studies: The Australian Museum, Audience Research,
and Corporate Change
By Tim Sullivan, Museums Australia
Web site, 1998.
From 1998 Visitor
Centre Stage: action for the future Conference on Evaluation and Visitor
Research, Special Interest Group, Australia. Requires Adobe Acrobat
Reader.
Exploring
the Culture of the 21st century
By Kay Saunders, Museums Australia
Web site, 1998.
From 1998 Visitor
Centre Stage: action for the future Conference on Evaluation and Visitor
Research, Special Interest Group, Australia. Requires Adobe Acrobat
Reader.
4.1 Contemporary Concerns & Museum
Programmes
4.2 In Search of Theory for Museum Programmes and the Museum Visitor
Adults
as Learners
By Barrie Brennan, Museums Australia
Web site, 1996
An analysis of
what is meant by adult learning, how it is implemented and measured in
museums. Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader
Museums
and Informal Education
By Chandler Screven, The Centre for
Museum Studies Web site, Smithsonian Institute
Maximizing the
learning experience of families and adult learners in museums.
Some
Readings about Museum Learning
Australian Museums On-Line Web site,
1997
A bibliography
about museum learning theory.
Museums
and Interpretative Communities
By Eilean Hooper-Greenhill, Australian
Museums On-Line Web site, 1999
An assessment of
Museum Interpretation and its relation to Constructivist Learning.
Developing
a Learning Culture in Museums 1
By Tim Sullivan, Museums Australia
On-Line Web site, 1997
A description of
the way in which the Australian Museum has positioned learning in developing
its Corporate Strategic Plan during 1997, and the subsequent experiences
of implementing it.
Developing
a Learning Culture in Museums 2
By Carolyn MacLulich, Museums Australia
On-Line Web site, 1997
This paper will
explore questions relating to how a multi-disciplinary institution learns
about learning in order to create effective exhibitions and, related to
this, what modes of discussion and interaction could assist an institution
to do so.
Education
for democratic citizenship - an adult education perspective
By William Tyler, Council of Europe
Web site, 1996
A summary of the
ideas and policies developed at the Council of Europe consultation meeting
regarding lifelong learning and culture.
Learning
in Museums
By Linda Ferguson, Museums Australia
Web site, 1996
An assessment of
strategies for measuring learning in museums. Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Finding
Evidence of Learning in Museum Settings
By Janette Griffin and David Symington,
Museums Australia Web site, 1998.
From 1998 Visitor
Centre Stage: action for the future Conference on Evaluation and Visitor
Research, Special Interest Group, Australia. Requires Adobe Acrobat
Reader.
The
make-over of the “Umu” computer role-play interactive. How evaluation
can contribute to the development of computer interactives
By Maree Young and Lisa McCauley, Museums
Australia Web site, 1998.
From 1998 Visitor
Centre Stage: action for the future Conference on Evaluation and Visitor
Research, Special Interest Group, Australia. Requires Adobe Acrobat
Reader.
4.3 Exploring the Public Programmes of Museums
Integrating
Parenting Skill Information Into Exhibitions for the Early Childhood Audience
By Stephanie Ratcliffe, The Centre
for Museum Studies Web site, Smithsonian Institute, 1993
How a zoological
site developed new strategies for improving communication and access for
young children.
Making
a School Excursion a Learning Experience 1
By Helen Whitty, Museums Australia
On-Line Web site, 1997
This paper focuses
on the relationship between the school system and cultural institutions
via the experiences of the Powerhouse Museum in Australia with its school
audience.
Making
a School Excursion a Learning Experience 2
By Cheryl Hook, Museums Australia On-Line
Web site, 1997
An exploration
of some of the challenges faced by Museum educators when catering for school
groups with a case study of the approaches used at the Australian Museum
to design and write effective educational materials for school audiences.
Young
Learners - Planning for the Under 5s
By Kim Tegel, Museums Australia On-Line
Web site, 1997
How young children
learn, and how museums can meet the needs of their learning requirements.
Getting
Them Young and Keeping Them
By Vicki Northey, Museums Australia
Web site, 1996
The challenge museums
face of appealing to children who visit and encouraging them to return.
Includes case studies of several prominent Children's Museums. Adobe Acrobat
Reader required.
4.4 In Search of Theory for Museum Programmes: Interpretation
The
Living Artifact
By Christina Delguste, Canadian Museums
Association Web site, January 2000
The role of the
interpreter in making living history an effective method of communication
with visitors. First appeared in Muse in June 1996
Revisiting
Living History: A Business, An Art, a Pleasure, An Education
By Kathryn Boardman, ALHFAM Web site,
1997
The history of
and ideas about Living History.
Research
and Living History: Facing the Challenges
By Debra Reid, ALHFAM Web site
Developing a framework
and standards for research and interpretation at living history sites.
Developing
an Interpretive Guide for Your Community
By Diane Keuhn, Michigan State University
Web site, November 1999
The purpose of
community interpretative programs and the development of cultural tourism.
Glossary:
First Person Interpretation
By Stacy Roth, ALHFAM
An introduction
to the common vocabulary used for first person interpretation techniques
ALHFAM
Historic Clothing Committee News
ALHFAM Web site, Fall 1998
Articles about
the historical interpretation and use of clothing.
Women,
Body and Soul: Visitor Reaction
By Lise Bertand and Lucie Daignault,
Canadian Museums Association Web site, January 2000
An evaluation of
an exhibit about the History of Women that used experimental ideas about
exhibition as performance and theatre to convey its messages to visitors.
First appeared in Muse in November 1997.
Assessing
the Risks and Potential of the OH!Canada Exhibition
By Douglas Worts, Canadian Museums
Association Web site, January 2000
The author presents
an inside view of the challenges faced by the exhibition team at the Art
Gallery of Ontario when it designed and implemented the OH! Canada exhibit
- a combination of traditional Canadian Group of Seven Paintings with new
media and contemporary art. First published in Muse in August 1997.
The
Australian Museum's Rapid Response Program
By Joe Bugden, Canadian Museums Association
Web site, January 2000
The Australian
Museum has created a model for designing and implementing exhibitions about
current issues quickly and effectively. The model required a rethinking
of traditional exhibition methods. First appeared in Muse in November 1996.
Knowledge
and Exhibitions
By Brigette Schroeder-Gudehus, Canadian
Museums Association Web site, January 2000
An analysis of
the meaning of "knowledge" and what is meant by the concept "sharing knowledge".
The author asks questions about the "popularization" of museums and the
power of the messages that popular exhibitions convey to audiences. First
appeared in Muse in March 1996.
Indiana
Jones and the Exhibit Development Process
By Victoria Dickenson, Canadian Museums
Association Web site, January 2000
A general overview
of the exhibit design process in museums. First appeared in Muse in August
1995.
Seeing
It With Your Own Eyes
By Deborah Kmetz, The Centre for Museum
Studies Web site, Smithsonian Institute
A summary of a
study that assessed the effectiveness of various non-verbal elements in
exhibits to communicate with visitors. Includes a brief bibliography.
Cartographies:
A Case Study
By Robert Epp, The Canadian Museums
Association Web site, October 1999
A description of
the organization behind the development of a joint exhibition conceived
by the Winnipeg Art Gallery and a selection of significant galleries from
countries through Central and South America. First published in Muse in
August 1994.
4.6 Special Educational Events
4.7 Visitor Research and Programme Evaluation
What
is Public Service?
By Kate Davis, Canadian Museums Association
Web site, October 1999
An overview of
an audience analysis completed for the Glenbow Museum. First published
in Muse, Winter 1993.
Public
Service and Strategic Marketing as Audience Development
By Kate Davis, Canadian Museums Association
Web site, January 2000
Discussion regarding
the relationship between new thinking about audience diversity and current
trends and developments in marketing strategies and objectives for museums.
First published in Muse in June 1996.
Visitor
Studies: Committed to Change
Ridgeley Williams and Rosalyn Rubenstein,
Canadian Museums Association Web site, October 1999
An excellent survey
of literature that summarizes and discusses the state of visitor studies,
theory and resources, for the Canadian museum field. First published in
Muse in Spring 1994.
Behavior
in a Museum: A Semio-Cognitive Approach to Museum Consumption Experiences,
by Jean Umiker-Sebeok. Indiana University-Bloomington. From Signifying
Behavior Vol.1, No.1 1994 (Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press)
Museums in the Digital Space, by Susan Keene. from Cultivate Interactive, Issue 2, 16 O tober 2000.
Building the Digital Museum. Commissioned by Re:source and the UK Government. Sets out the future scene for the UK museum digitisation.
A Netful of Jewels. Report. New Museums in the Learning Age. publilshed by the National Museums Director Conference, UK, or complete file.
Museums
and Their Websites: An Examination and Assessment of How Museums are Coping
with the Challenge of the World Wide Web
By Richard Sabin, Institute of Archaeology
Web site, London City University, May 1997
The article examines
how museums are coping with the challenge of the World Wide Web through
a combination of case studies, interviews, and an interchange of ideas/opinions
with museum professionals worldwide, via the Internet.
Using
the Web to Change Relation Between a Museum and its Users
By Roland Jackson, Martin Bazley, Dave
Patten, Martin King, Archives and Museum Informatics Web site, March 1998
New ideas and approaches
to improving the museum/public interface through Internet development.
Curating
on the Web
Steve Dietz, Archives and Museum Informatics
Web site
A discussion of
the changing nature of the museum, the role of the curator amidst these
changes and the impact of the introduction of interface culture into the
modern museum.
Culture
and the Electronic Challenge
By Frank Hartman, Teleopolis. Magazin
der Netzculture, Web site, November 1998
An overview of
an EU conference about developing cultural policy to support and promote
culture as an economic commodity and how to maximize its value through
the use of new technologies.
Honoured
Guests: Towards a visitor centred web experience
By Katie Streten, Archives and Museum
Informatics Web site, 2000
See Papers by Robert Baron
Lynne Teather
Copyright 2000. Last updated December 2000.
Questions, comments or suggestions? Please contact Lynne
Teather, Museum Studies Program, University of Toronto
Mouseia: http://www.utoronto.ca/mouseia